2022年中国邮政储蓄银行招聘考试真题汇编

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At Red Sea resorts, visitor numbers are well below ______ they were in earlier years.

Volunteers in the National Science Museum go through three months of study, training and discussion with experts before ______ to talk in public.

Every winter people start coming down with colds. There is no cure for the common cold but since ancient times, people have developed ways to ease the aches and pains, sore throat and coughing, headache, high temperature and runny nose that go with the illness. The serious part of a cold is usually over in three days. That’s the infectious time when other people can catch your cold. After this infectious period, the cold may last up to three weeks, although sometimes a cough may stay around for months. The common cold got its name from, well, being physically cold. However, there is some doubt that low temperatures cause colds. According to scientific studies, colds are caused by viruses, small infectious agents that can cause disease in any living thing. There are millions of viruses. However, since 1898, when the first virus was discovered by Martinus Beijerinck, approximately 5,000 have been named and described. The cold virus was identified in the 1950s. The common cold virus is believed to be transmitted from one person to another by coming into contact with infected droplets of water from the nose. It can also be transmitted by physical contact with an infected person or something they have touched such as food or a door handle. From there, the virus is quickly transferred to the eyes and nose of the new host where the cycle begins again. While the common cold may not be directly caused by getting cold, the reason why colds are more common in winter is that when it’s cold, people stay inside close together and this increases the risk. The best example is school where many children are sitting close together. This is the perfect condition for the virus to spread. The children then go home and pass on colds to other family members. According to Wikipedia, the common cold “is the most frequent infectious disease in humans with the average adult contracting two to three colds a year and the average child contracting between six and twelve.” Each culture has developed its own treatment for colds. In the west, hot lemon honey drinks, staying in bed and keeping warm, drinking plenty of water, taking vitamin C and eating healthy food are believed to be effective. You can help prevent the spread of colds by washing your hands thoroughly and frequently and covering your mouth and nose when you cough.【缺少答案，请补充】

Infectious means ______.

Which of the following is not recommended for a cold?

Colds frequently occur in winter because of ______.

What cannot be inferred about viruses according to the passage?

What cannot be learned about colds from the passage?

The end of cash: Killbills For most people, money still means physical cash printed by a sole, public authority. Yet that is a surprisingly modern incarnation: only a century ago, private currencies competed with government-issued banknotes. It may be short-lived, too, as cash succumbs to the digitalisation of finance and new means of payment take over. This big bang will have huge implications for states, people and companies. Whether it does more good than harm, says Eswar Prasad, depends on the world’s dowdiest institutions — central banks — embracing change without losing control. That cash is declining may not surprise readers. Many will bank from laptops and make payments on their phones. Financial innovation is old news, too. One of the first “fintech” breakthroughs happened centuries ago, when China helped engineer a boom in Asian commerce by introducing paper currency to replace metal coins, which were heavy and scarce. Yet this time is different, Mr. Prasad insists. Previous overhauls mainly improved existing systems, he notes. The end of cash — likely within a decade or two — is revolutionary. Three types of disruptive agents are involved, he says. The first are fintech firms, a varied group that all have a big online presence and a knack for crunching data. Their onslaught differs from previous, isolated breakthroughs — such as the debit card or the ATM — because it targets every facet of financial markets and institutions, from lending and payments to investment. By expanding the market for financial services, they help to democratise them. All the same, they are not imposing regime change. Banks remain dominant. Bitcoin, and the many other digital monies it has inspired, could bring about a more fundamental shift. By enlisting a network of users to validate transactions, they make payments possible without the need for a trusted, central authority. Mr. Prasad doubts decentralised money — less safe, stable and efficient — will ever trump its official cousin. But he warns that the technology involved in them could make private currencies an attractive means of exchange and store of value. Fearing this could do them out of a job, many central banks are beginning to disrupt themselves by developing their own digital currencies — the third and most important shock. Done well, the “CBDCs” will upgrade the financial system. More efficient than cash for settling transactions, they could also provide a backstop to digital payment systems managed by private firms, should those fail. They could offer “unbanked” communities access to digital payments and other financial products. And they may let central bankers experiment with new monetary policy tools and more easily track illicit transactions. Formerly at the IMF, Mr. Prasad might have been expected to favour public solutions. Even if the pendulum swings back towards the private sector, he reckons central banks should and will remain at the heart of finance. However, he fears CBDCs may be vulnerable to hacking and bugs; they could crush private innovation and cause the instability they are meant to forestall. Meanwhile, central banks’ new responsibilities may erode their independence. The privacy of transactions will be lost. Practising the balance he advocates, Mr. Prasad is enthusiastic but nuanced.【缺少答案，请补充】

Based on this passage, what is Mr. Prasad’s attitude towards the role of central banks in this financial revolution?

What can be inferred from Para. 2?

What does the underlined part “this big bang” in Para. 1 refer to?

Which of the following statements about the “three types of agents” is TRUE?

According to Mr. Prasad, all of the following are the possible drawbacks of CBDCs EXCEPT:

基金存续期限。封闭式基金有固定期限，开放式基金一般没有固定期限。

基金规模。封闭式基金有固定额度，一般不能再增加发行；开放式基金的发行有最低的规模限制，但发行规模设有上限限制。

赎回限制。封闭式基金在存续期限内不能直接赎回基金，可以通过上市交易套现；开放式基金可以随时提出购买或赎回申请。

价格决定因素。封闭式基金的交易价格主要由市场供求关系决定；开放式基金的价格依据基金的资产净值确定。

分红方式。封闭式基金只能采用现金分红。开放式基金的基金收益以现金形式分配，但投资人可选择现金红利或将现金红利按红利发放日的基金单位净值自动转为基金单位进行再投资，即红利再投资。

投资策略。封闭式基金不可赎回，无须提取准备金，能够充分运用资金，进行长期投资，取得长期经营绩效；开放式基金必须保留一部分现金或流动性强的资产，以便应付投资者随时赎回，基金管理人具有更高的投资管理水平。

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